Organic Chemistry II

Use this for “Toluene is nitrated. Is it faster or slower than benzene, and where does the –NO₂ go?”

Use this for “Methanal’s hydrate has K = 2.3 × 10³ in water at 25 °C. What percent is hydrate, and what is ΔG°?”

Use this for “Show the steps by which propanal and NaOH give 3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanal, then an enal on heating.”

Use this for “Benzoic acid has pKₐ 4.20. What percent is ionized at pH 3.50, and how much stronger is it than phenol (pKₐ 9.95)?”

Use this for “What forms when propanoyl chloride reacts with methylamine?”

Use this for “An amine’s conjugate acid has pKₐ 9.8 and KD is 15. Does it move into ether from water at pH 12.4?”

Use this for “Is (CH₃)₃CNH₂ a primary or a tertiary amine?”

Use this for “A four-step route has yields of 92%, 75%, 80% and 64%. What is the overall yield, and how much product do 25 mmol give?”

Use this for “Bromoethane (108.97 g/mol) and NaOH (40.00 g/mol) give ethanol (46.07 g/mol) and NaBr. Find the atom economy.”

Use this for “Can 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1,4-pentadiene and isoprene each act as the diene in a Diels–Alder reaction?”

Use this for “HBr adds to 1,3-butadiene at −80 °C. Is the main product the 1,2 or the 1,4 adduct?”

Use this for “2-Methylcyclohexanone is treated with LDA in THF at −78 °C, then CH₃I. Which α carbon gets the new methyl?”

Use this for “Show the steps that turn diethyl malonate and 1-bromopropane into pentanoic acid.”

Use this for “Pure α-D-galactose reads +150.7° and pure β reads +52.8°. At equilibrium it reads +80.2°. What percent is α?”

Use this for “Is maltose a reducing sugar? Will it give a silver mirror with Tollens’ reagent?”

Use this for “Nylon-6,6 (113.16 g/mol a residue) is stopped at 98.5% conversion of its end groups. Find Xₙ and Mn.”

Use this for “Is polystyrene made by chain growth or by step growth? And nylon-6,6?”