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Grade 12 Math · Problem type

Inverse tangent: the angle of a slope

Use this for “A road rises 3 m over 40 m of ground. What angle does it make with the level?”

Chart

f(x) = tan−1(x)−0.0500.050.10.150.20.250.3−150−100−50050100150Rise over run xA (°)y = −90y = 90(0.075, 4.289)
Horizontal asymptotes y = −90 and y = 90
Range: (−90°, 90°)
f(0.075) ≈ 4.2892°
This is an example. Type your own values to start a new problem.
tan⁻¹
rise (m)
run (m)
=
A
°
x
Rise over run
worked out (not typed)

Formulas

x
=
rise
run
0.075
=
3
40
A
=
tan⁻¹(
x
)
4.2892 = tan⁻¹(0.075)

Assumptions

•
The angle of a slope is tan⁻¹ of rise over run.
•
tan⁻¹(x) is the one angle between −90° and 90° whose tangent is x; every x has one.
•
The curve nears ±90° but never reaches them: those are asymptotes.

Step-by-step

WE KNOW
rise = 3 m, run = 40 m
FIND
rise over run (x), angle of the slope (A)
Step 1 · Find rise over run (x)
Use x = rise ÷ run
The slope is the rise for each 1 of run.
x
=
3
40
x
=
0.075
Step 2 · Find angle of the slope (A)
Use A = tan⁻¹(x)
The angle between −90° and 90° whose tangent is rise over run.
A
=
tan⁻¹(0.075)
A
=
4.2892°
Check
Put the numbers back in. Both sides should match.
0.075
=
3
40
✓
tan(4.2892°) = 0.075 ✓
Topic check
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