SME
Grade 12 Science · Problem type
Earth’s heat or the Sun’s?
Use this for “Which of these is powered by Earth’s internal heat, like hot springs?”
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What powers it?
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Assumptions
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Earth’s internal heat comes from radioactive decay and heat left from its formation.
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The Sun’s energy drives the winds, the water cycle and the surface currents.
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Which waves reach a station
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Volcanoes, crustal deformation and mountain building
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Earthquakes, seismic waves and Earth's interior
Main lesson
Locating an epicenter from three stations
Use this for “Why are three seismic stations needed to find an epicenter?” and for the distances from each lag.
Comparing earthquakes by magnitude
Use this for “A magnitude 6 quake and a magnitude 4 quake: how much more shaking, and how much more energy?”
Seafloor spreading from magnetic stripes
Use this for “Rock 100 km from the ridge is 4 million years old. How fast is the seafloor spreading?”
P, S or surface wave?
Use this for “Which seismic wave cannot travel through the liquid outer core?”
Which waves reach a station
Use this for “Which seismic waves reach a station 120° from an earthquake, and why do no S waves arrive past 104°?”