Surveying

Use this for “A steel tape reads 29.876 m between two pegs at 38 °C, hanging free under 100 N; it weighs 0.2 N/m. Find the true length.”

Use this for “The six interior angles of a closed traverse add to 719°59′42″. Find the misclosure and the correction to each angle.”

Use this for “A level sight runs 2 km to a rod. How much too high does the rod read from curvature and refraction?”

Use this for “A total station 1.55 m high reads 245.30 m at 4°30′ up to a prism 1.80 m high. Find the rise.”

Use this for “A traverse 1250 m round sums to Σlat = −0.045 m and Σdep = +0.060 m. Find e, its direction and the precision.”

Use this for “Σlat = −0.045 m and Σdep = +0.060 m round 1250 m. Correct the 156.82 m course (lat −95.8275, dep 124.1354) by the compass rule.”

Use this for “A parcel’s corners are (1000, 2000), (1180, 1950), (1240, 2130) and (1050, 2210) m, east then north. Find its area.”

Use this for “A GNSS signal takes 0.0723 s to arrive. How far is the satellite, and what pseudorange does a receiver clock 1 μs off measure?”

Use this for “PDOP is 2.1 and each range has a 3 m error. What position error should you expect?”

Use this for “Is ionospheric delay a satellite error, a signal-path error or a receiver error?”