Cell & Molecular Biology

Use this for “With these K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels and permeabilities 1, 0.04 and 0.45, what is the resting potential?”

Use this for “What osmotic pressure does 0.15 M NaCl have at body temperature?”

Use this for “With K = 26 and n = 2.8, how saturated is the protein at 40?”

Use this for “One receptor activates 20 G proteins, each enzyme makes 1000 cAMP a second. How many cAMP a second?”

Use this for “Put these in order: cAMP is made, the hormone binds, PKA is switched on, the G protein takes GTP.”

Use this for “The target’s Ct drops from 27 to 24 while the reference stays at 18. What is the fold change?”

Use this for “A cell at metaphase has one kinetochore not yet attached. Which checkpoint holds it, and before which step?”